April 17-23, 2023 / Vol 42, No 16 / Hawai`i Island, USA

SpaceX Poised to Launch Starship, the Largest and Most Powerful Rocket Ever Built

Starship next-generation 2-stage launch vehicle, comprised of Super Heavy rocket (Booster 7) + Starship (Ship 24) second stage with integrated crew / cargo capsule is slated to make its inaugural orbital test flight towards near the end of third week of April per SpaceX CEO Elon Musk. If successful, Starship will break the records for most thrust (39,000 kN / 8,800,000 lbf) set by SLS, the NASA ‘Mega Moon Rocket’ built by ULA, Aerojet Rocketdyne and Northrop Grumman, in November 2022 and height (110.6 m) set by Saturn V in 1967 with 73,000 kN / 16,500,000 lbf takeoff thrust expected to be generated by 33 Raptor engines of Booster 7 at takeoff, propelling the 12-m craft from Starbase in South Texas to a site 100-km NW of Kaua’i, roughly halfway to Northwestern Hawaiian Island of Nihoa. Pacific Missile Range Facility Barking Sands to provide telemetry, optics and radar for soft ocean landing, and the prototype spaceship is expect to be recovered intact. Starship is designed to carry up to 100 people or 100 tons of cargo to the Moon, Mars and other destinations – with refueling assistance from Starship propellant tanker(s). To LEO, Starship is specified to carry 150 tons to LEO in reusable / 250 tons in expendable configuration. This dramatic increase in upmass capability is likely to significantly disrupt the launch market, with per-kg prices expected to be offered in the $50-500 range vs Falcon Heavy, currently the lowest cost provider at $1,400 / kg. (Image Credits: SpaceX)

MONDAY

Apr 17 International Space Station, ~415-km LEO: Expedition 69 crew members prepare for 2 Russia and 2 USA EVAs occurring over next 2 weeks, planning SS Sally Ride release this week, working with horticulture, cardiovascular, 3D printing experiments.

Apr 17 Tiangong Space Station, ~390-km LEO: Shenzhou-15 three-member crew continue to work with cargo from Tianzhou 5 which is expected to depart station in May close to Tianzhou 6 launch from Wenchang; planning for TSS EVA #10 underway.

Highlights…

o NewSpace: Relativity Space shifts focus to 82 m tall / 5.5 m diameter Terran R rocket, incorporating traditional metal work on tanks; Rocket Lab moves launch of NASA TROPICS weather-monitoring CubeSats from Wallops to Launch Complex 1 on Māhia Peninsula, NZ due to impending storm season.

☆ Solar System: China Deep Space Exploration Laboratory to lead planetary defense mission targeting 30-m diameter asteroid 2019 VL5 NET 2025; JUICE mission to explore Jupiter and moons begins 8-year journey to Jovian System; BepiColombo monitoring cameras being prepared for 3rd Mercury flyby planned in ~2 months.

☆ Galaxy: Haystack Observatory astronomers see potential for low frequency space-based VLBI with proposed constellation GO-LoW; ASTRON-led study finds 5 FRBs in Triangulum Galaxy utilizing Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope; TESS adds to tally of its 326 confirmed exoplanets with TOI-4127 b ‘warm Jupiter’ discovery.

o Global: CNSA / Huazhong University scientists designing Moon surface ‘Clover’ and crater ‘Red Star’ habitats, 1st brick laying expected during Chang’e-8 NET 2028; Austria, Italy, The Netherlands join 10 other nations who pledge to refrain from conducting anti-satellite weapons testing; ISRO, NSIL, IN-SPACe commercial roles going forward clarified under Indian Space Policy 2023.

USA: 4 volunteers to reside in 3D-printed NASA Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog in Houston for 1 year starting in June; Makenzie Lystrup now serving as GSFC Director following swearing-in on Pale Blue Dot; NASA new policy may stop naming future missions after people.

● Hawai’i: IfA Astronomer Karen Meech remains agnostic on ‘Oumuamua origin, expects Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile to discover up to 1 interstellar object / yr when online NET 2024; 10 – 20 m diameter asteroid 2023 FW13 discovered by PanSTARRS / characterized by CFHT as ‘quasi-satellite’ has 0.18 AU resonance with Earth, expected to remain in proximity until year 3700.

= Terrestrial and… o = International terrestrial events

= Moon activity

= Space and… = International space / astro events in Hawaii Standard Time unless noted. Add 10 hours to obtain UT (‘Universal Time’).


Weekly Planet Watch Morning Planets: Saturn (ESE); Evening Planets: Mercury (W), Venus (W), Mars (W), Saturn (ESE)


Europe and Africa Space Resources & NewSpace Conferences Advance International Synergies

The 5th edition of Space Resources Week is being held in Luxembourg and online April 19-21. The first day will have updates from representatives of ESA, NASA, JAXA, CSA-ASC, and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. Welcoming comments are from (TL-R) Luxembourg Ministry of Economy Franz Fayot, Director of ESRIC Kathryn Hadler and ESA Astronaut Matthias Maurer. Some of the >100 speakers include Bill Nelson, Josef Aschbacher, Clive Neal, Ben Bussey, Kyle Acierno, Giuseppe Reibaldi and Kyla Edison. Talks will cover missions / planning, technologies, enabling infrastructure, commercialization, extracting and using space resources – from the Moon in particular. To the South ~5,000 km, NewSpace Africa Conference 2023 themed Space for Africa’s Socioeconomic Transformation is planned for April 25-28 in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). The conference has 92 commercial companies, 7 Foundations / NGOs, 60 public & 19 academic institutions and ~140 speakers participating. Of the 14 Keynotes Hambani Masheleni (African Union Commission) will update on the African space policy and strategy implementation; and Peter Martinez (Secure World Foundation) on policy and regulations for space industry. Led by Temidayo Oniosun (Space in Africa) and Maram Kaire (Senegalese Agency for Space Studies), there will be 4 sessions on African space agencies’ activities including representatives from Libya, Ghana, Egypt, Rwanda, Angola, Tunisia, Mauritius, Gabon, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Senegal, South Africa, Djibouti, Kenya, Burkina Faso, Uganda, Namibia and Ethiopia. (Image Credits: ESRIC, Luxembourg Space Agency, ESA, Space in Africa, et al)

★ NET Apr 17 — SpaceX, Launch Super Heavy / Starship Orbital Test Flight, Starbase, Boca Chica TX: Super Heavy and Starship launch vehicle to attempt nearly 1 full orbit of Earth (07:00 CDT) culminating with re-entry and splashdown in Pacific ~100 km NW offshore of Kauai.

● Apr 17 — NASA Science Mission Directorate, Online / Washington DC: Responses Due / RFI: New Horizons Interstellar Mission; to determine interested teams science objectives to extend NASA New Horizons mission science beyond FY24.

● Apr 17-20 — Space Foundation, Colorado Springs CO: 38th Space Symposium 2023; space leaders to discuss critical issues affecting all space sectors; at Broadmoor Hotel.

☆ Apr 17 — Amor Asteroid 2023 GM: Near-Earth Flyby (0.021 AU)

☆ Apr 17 — Apollo Asteroid 2023 GU: Near-Earth Flyby (0.027 AU)

☆ Apr 17 — Amor Asteroid 2023 GO: Near-Earth Flyby (0.046 AU)

Continued From…

Oct 15 – Jun 15, 2023 — International Space Elevator Consortium, Online: Space Elevator Academic Challenge: Improving Humanity’s Future; for students 17-25.

☾ Dec 11 – Apr 25, 2023 — Hakuto-R / ispace Mission 1, Lunar Landing Trajectory: Carrying UAE Rashid 10-kg rover, 0.25-kg JAXA SORA-Q rover, Hakuto-R performing orbital control maneuvers to reach Lunar Orbital Insertion, followed by Moon touchdown nominally ~4.5 months after launch.

Jan 18 – May 11 — Wichita State University, Wichita KS and Online: 2023 Interstellar Seminar ‘LASI 150G’; 1-credit hour seminar begins today; every Wednesday 14:30-15:20, led by Prof. Mark Schneegurt.

o Feb 24 – May 24 — National Museum of China, Beijing, China: Exhibit Featuring China’s Human, Lunar and Space Program.

NET Apr — Gilmour Space, Launch Eris, Bowen Orbital Spaceport, Queensland, Australia: Inaugural flight of 23-m / 30,000-kg solid fueled rocket, first Australia domestic orbital launch.

Apr 14-17 — Space Generation Advisory Council, Colorado Springs CO: Space Generation Fusion Forum.

o Apr 16-21 — Committee on Space Research, Singapore: 5th Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Symposium: Space Science with Small Satellites; supported by Nanyang Technical University and the Office for Space Technology and Industry – Singapore.

TUESDAY

Apr 18 — International Space Station, Expedition 69 Russia EVA #56, ~415-km LEO:  Two Cosmonauts to perform ~6.5-hour spacewalk in Orlan spacesuits; starts 21:00 EDT, live coverage available.

★ Apr 18 — Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), Highly Elliptical HEO: Space telescope for NASA Explorers program, designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method in an area 400 times larger than that covered by Kepler / K2 mission, reaches 5th full year / enters 6th year in space today; launched April 18, 2018.

Apr 18 — SpaceX, Launch Falcon Heavy / ViaSat 3 Americas, LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center FL: Falcon Heavy to launch ViaSat 3 Americas broadband communications satellite; two booster to land at Landing Zones 1 and 2; 07:36 EDT.

☆ Apr 18 — Apollo Asteroid 2023 GS: Near-Earth Flyby (0.015)

☆ Apr 18 — Apollo Amor 2023 GR: Near-Earth Flyby (0.047)

WEDNESDAY

Apr 19 — SpaceX, Launch Falcon 9 / Starlink 6-2, SLC-40, Cape Canaveral SFS FL: Falcon 9 to launch next batch of Starlink internet satellites for SpaceX of new larger spacecraft design “Starlink V2 Mini”; first stage to land on drone ship in Atlantic Ocean.

o Apr 19-21 — European Space Resources Innovation Centre, the Luxembourg Space Agency, the European Space Agency, and the Luxembourg Institute of Science & Technology, Hybrid / Luxembourg and Online: 2023 Space Resources Week; at LuxExpo.

☆ Apr 19 — Venus: 7.4° N of Aldebaran, 07:00; 0.33° NE of Jupiter, 08:00; New Moon, 18:15.

THURSDAY

● Apr 20-22 — Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA, Huntsville AL: 2023 NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge; at U.S. Space & Rocket Center.

☆ Apr 20 — Moon: 1.78° SE of Mercury, 23:00.

FRIDAY

Apr 21 — International Space Station, Release Northrop Grumman NG-18 Cygnus Cargo Ship, ~415-km LEO: Cygnus SS Sally Ride cargo ship to be released and disintegrate upon Earth atmosphere reentry, live coverage available for release 07:00 EDT.

● Apr 21 — The Human Space Program, Online: 3rd Space Education Summit; featuring Astronaut Panel and Concurrent Sessions.

☆ Apr 21 — Moon: 1.61° N of Uranus, 03:00; with Mercury and Uranus within circle of diameter 3.86°, 03:00.

☆ Apr 21 — Mercury: 3.8° NW of Uranus, 21:00.

SATURDAY

☆ Apr 22 — ISRO, Launch PSLV / TeLEOS 2, Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota, India: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle to launch TeLEOS 2, Singapore ~750-kg synthetic aperture radar Earth observation satellite, built by ST Electronics

o Apr 22 — Earth Day Network, Worldwide: Earth Day; to broaden, diversify & activate the environmental movement worldwide; originally proposed to occur March 21 (first day of Spring) by creator John McConnell.

Apr 22 — JPL, NASA, Online / Pasadena CA: Public Event: Celebrate Earth Day With Education Resources From NASA.

o Apr 22-27 — Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, CNSA, Hefei, Anhui Province, China: 2023 International Conference of Deep Space Sciences; one of the activities conducted during 2023 Space Day of China.

☆ Apr 22 — Lyrid Meteor Shower Peak: Lyrids derived from Comet C/1861 G1 Thatcher with period 415 years, are medium-swift (49 km/sec), often bright with persistent trains and can offer 15-20 per hour; 14:00.

☆ Apr 22 — Moon: 1.72° SE of Pleiades, 02:00.

SUNDAY

o Apr 23-28 — EGU, Hybrid / Vienna, Austria and Online: European Geoscience Union General Assembly 2023.

☆ Apr 23 — Moon: 1.31° N of Venus, 03:00.

06 - 11 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
The Hague, The Netherlands
A major European meeting on planetary science. Originally known as the European Planetary Science Congress, the first EPSC was held in Berlin in 2006....
08 Sep - 09 Nov 2026
  • Launch
Jiuquan Space Launch Center, ~41°N, Gansu, China
Unknown payload to launch on Long March 2D with YZ-3 upper stage variant.
08 - 11 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Seville, Spain
To tackle one of the space sector’s most pressing challenges. 3rd Zero Debris Future Symposium (September 8-9) and the Zero Debris Technical Sessions (September...
11 - 13 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Online
Inaugural event to convene researchers, policymakers and practitioners to advance understanding of self-sufficient structures in extreme environments, including the Moon. Begins September 11 at...
11 - 12 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Denver CO, USA
Industry tour of Denver space companies Friday 08:30-12:00; Astronauts Eileen Collins and Scott Kelly present at the Saturday event, 17:00-20:30. At Inverness Denver Hilton...
12 - 13 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Online
The conference will again be virtual, and will be held at times to accommodate attendees worldwide on at least one of the two days.
13 Sep 2026
  • Launch
SLC-40 (~28°N), Cape Canaveral SFS FL, USA
02:49 AM EDT -- launch of SES O3b mPOWER mission to medium Earth orbit. O3b mPOWER is a communications satellite system owned and operated...
14 Sep 2026
  • Observation / Anniversary
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Campbell was first appointed in September 2020. She was reappointed for an additional year, 14 Sep 2025 - 14 Sep 2026. It is rare that...
14 Sep 2026
  • Launch
Jiuquan Space Launch Center, ~41°N, Gansu, China
The 9th flight of the Zhuque-2E medium-class launch vehicle by private company LandSpace of Beijing, founded in 2015.
14 Sep 2026
  • Launch
Ariane Launch Area 1 (ELV), Guiana Space Centre, ~5°N, French Guiana
Launch to SSO for 3rd satellite in the Sentinel-3 constellation for optical, radar and altimetry data and for Fluorescence Explorer ("FLEX") of ESA Earth...
14 - 17 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Paris, France
In conjunction with The Space Innovation Summit (September 16) and the Space Defense & Security Summit (September 15-16). The summit consists of the Summit...
15 Sep 2026
  • Launch
Launch Complex 1, ~39°S, Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand
(Estimated Date) Planned demonstration of in-space cryogenic storage and transferal by Eta Space and funded by NASA Tipping Point. Expected to be in orbit...
15 - 16 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Cleveland OH, USA
At Cleveland State University; Topics to be discussed include Exploration Architecture, Artemis program, Space Traffic Management, Space Nuclear Power, Navigation and Communications and more!
15 - 18 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Maui HI, USA
27th year of this top scientific conference in the USA devoted to Space Domain Awareness (SDA) and Space Situational Awareness (SSA) expects 1,000+ in-person...
15 - 17 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
West Lafayette, Indiana
Planning for 2.5 days of hybrid oral sessions and an in-person poster session. There will be no registration fee. Some travel support will be...
15 - 19 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Cleveland OH, USA
Ohio Space Week celebrates the state’s deep-rooted contributions to the aeronautics and space industries, highlighting the people, institutions, and businesses that continue to shape...
15 - 16 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Paris, France
Held in conjunction with the Space Innovation Summit and World Space Business Week.
15 Sep 2026
  • Mission Milestone
Mauna Kea, Hawai’i
In preparation for its decommissioning, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) atop Mauna Kea will stop science operations today, with removal to be completed by...
15 Sep 2026
  • Observation / Anniversary
Saturn’s Atmosphere
The Cassini spacecraft deliberately plunged into Saturn's atmosphere on September 15, 2017. Final Moments and Impact Loss of Signal: The final signal from Cassini...
16 Sep 2026
  • Launch
Wenchang Space Launch Center, ~19°N, Hainan Island, China
Unknown payload expected to launch on Long March 12, a medium-lift vehicle that uses propellant of kerosene and liquid oxygen, able to place 10,000kg...
16 Sep 2026
  • Meeting / Conference / Symposium
Online
Global Experts Group on Sustainable Lunar Activities continues discussions on ongoing workstreams and priorities related to the sustainable exploration and use of the Moon,...
16 Sep 2026
  • Launch
Baikonur Cosmodrome, ~46°N, Kazakhstan
Resupply mission to launch to ISS and arrive within 3.5 hours.
06 - 11 Sep 2026
A major European meeting on planetary science. Originally known as the European Planetary Science Congress,...
The Hague, The Netherlands
08 Sep - 09 Nov 2026
Unknown payload to launch on Long March 2D with YZ-3 upper stage variant.
Jiuquan Space Launch Center, ~41°N, Gansu, China
08 - 11 Sep 2026
To tackle one of the space sector’s most pressing challenges. 3rd Zero Debris Future Symposium...
Seville, Spain
11 - 13 Sep 2026
Inaugural event to convene researchers, policymakers and practitioners to advance understanding of self-sufficient structures in...
Online
11 - 12 Sep 2026
Industry tour of Denver space companies Friday 08:30-12:00; Astronauts Eileen Collins and Scott Kelly present...
Denver CO, USA
12 - 13 Sep 2026
The conference will again be virtual, and will be held at times to accommodate attendees...
Online
13 Sep 2026
02:49 AM EDT -- launch of SES O3b mPOWER mission to medium Earth orbit. O3b...
SLC-40 (~28°N), Cape Canaveral SFS FL, USA
14 Sep 2026
Campbell was first appointed in September 2020. She was reappointed for an additional year, 14...
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
14 Sep 2026
The 9th flight of the Zhuque-2E medium-class launch vehicle by private company LandSpace of Beijing, founded...
Jiuquan Space Launch Center, ~41°N, Gansu, China
14 Sep 2026
Launch to SSO for 3rd satellite in the Sentinel-3 constellation for optical, radar and altimetry...
Ariane Launch Area 1 (ELV), Guiana Space Centre, ~5°N, French Guiana
14 - 17 Sep 2026
In conjunction with The Space Innovation Summit (September 16) and the Space Defense & Security...
Paris, France
15 Sep 2026
(Estimated Date) Planned demonstration of in-space cryogenic storage and transferal by Eta Space and funded...
Launch Complex 1, ~39°S, Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand
15 - 16 Sep 2026
At Cleveland State University; Topics to be discussed include Exploration Architecture, Artemis program, Space Traffic...
Cleveland OH, USA
15 - 18 Sep 2026
27th year of this top scientific conference in the USA devoted to Space Domain Awareness...
Maui HI, USA
15 - 17 Sep 2026
Planning for 2.5 days of hybrid oral sessions and an in-person poster session. There will...
West Lafayette, Indiana